Iar 8051 swat
The results showed that the study area in general is exposed to a high risk of sand dune encroachment. Sand dunes movement rates for the same period were 1,155.9 m year -1 and 494.2 m year -1 in the two mentioned sites, respectively. The results showed an increase in the sand dunes accumulations by 2,020.6 km 2 and 291.1 km 2 throughout the 21 years from 1988 to 2009 in Baiji and Al-Aith sites in the region, respectively. Satellite image based indices the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index “NDVI”, the Tasseled Cap Wetness Indicator “TCW”, the Land Surface Temperature “LST”, and the Normalized Difference Sand Index “NDSI” (a new index which has been proposed in this study) with RS and GIS techniques were used for monitoring the sand dune encroachment at two sites in the northern central part of Iraq. Two Landsat TM images acquired on July of 1988, and July of 2009 were assembled and used to extract the research indices. Remote sensing “RS” and in particular, Earth observation satellites besides Geographical Information Systems “GIS” provide significant contributions to monitoring sand dunes encroachment. The study area includes six districts suffering from the increasing prevalence of sand dunes, particularly in the recent years, which are characterized by dry weather and a reduction in rainfall averages. This study is aimed at monitoring, mapping and assessing the sand dune encroachment in the northern central part of Iraq. We found that (1) by utilizing the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) comprehensively, it is effective to accomplish the mountain land cover information extraction in the study area (2) by integrating hydrogeomorphic and socio-economic factors and using spatial modeling, the multi-factor overlay analysis technique can improve the effectiveness of water resources protection plan program. In this paper, based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS), we integrated remote sensing index, hydrological analysis and multi-factor overlay analysis techniques in the whole ecological planning processes, and completed soil erosion risk assessment and drinking water resource ecological protection planning of Lijiang city, respectively. Coordinating the relationship between human and nature through ecological assessment and planning is an essential scientific issue to promote sustainable development at regional scale. Sustainable development is an important topic of concern in the context of increasingly serious environmental problems at both local and global scales.
It will also help decision-makers optimize land allocation and make better land-use planning decisions. The technical ideas and methods proposed in this paper can provide support for taking a fresh look at land suitability evaluation and policy making. Evaluation results show that: (1) weight of evidence method as a pure data-driven approach is suitable for confirming each index’s weight in the cultivated land suitability evaluation, and the weights are objective and easy to be explained (2) weight of evidence method uses raster data which are convenient for spatial analysis and does not need to unify the evaluation unit (3)About 60.25% of land in Jinan has superior suitability as cultivated land.
This study introduces a method named as the weight of evidence (WOE) using natural and geographical location factors to evaluate the suitability of Jinan cultivated land.
The cultivated land protection has become a leading concern influencing the actions of the Chinese government and people.